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Letters Patent' No. 76,196, dated March 31, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES AND APPARATUS POR THE MANUPAGTURE OPIIEON AND STEEL "Litige ,intentie Infant tu im tipa dettes atett mit mating pnt rt tigt stru.

ro ALL WHoM Ir MAYcQNcERN Be it known that I, JACOB JAMESON, of Philadelphia, in-the county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsyl- Vania, have invented certain'new and useful improvements in the process andlblast, and reducing-furnace for making cast iron and steel direct from theore; and I do herebydeclare that-the fllowing is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, like letters indicating like parts wherever they occur.

To enablel others skilled in the art to construct and use my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

My invention relates to blast and reducing-furnaces, and consists in certainv new, useful, and important improvements in the manner of their construction by which I am able to subject iron ores to a novel process for producing cast i'ion lor steel direct from the oreby a single process or operation. In thedrawings- Figure I is a perspective View of my furnace, and

Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section through the centre of the same.

I construct my furnace A ofpany desired size, witir any suitable material, and in form substantially as shown in iig. The furnace B, I make long and narrow, and place the tuyeres C in theA ends, and charge the furnace B'with coal and suitable dures'Y through the door a, which is placed above theslag-hole Za. Over the door a, I make three or more openings c for the admission of air, which, passing into the furnace B, directly over the re, becomes quickly heated, mixes with the gases, and aids and increasesthe combustion. The tap I place at t. In the rear-of the furnace B, which is properly the reducing-furnace, I construct two or more deoxidizing o'r desulphurizingchambers D, and arrange them one above the other, as shown in hg. 2, so that the ilame arising from the fire in the reducing-furnace B, and the combustion of the gases, shall pass entirely through the chambers D, las shown by the red arrows; and on the side of the furnace A, opposite to that-in whichA the reducing-furnace B is located, I provide each of the chambers D with a door, E, as is also shown in iig. 2, so as to have convenient'access to the chambers.

In addition to the draught running through the chambersD, from the reducing-furnace B, I provide a flue, F, arranged, as shown in iig. 2, to run from the reducing-furnace vertically and enter the draught passing throughj theachambers, above the highest one. By this arrangement I have virtually two chimneys from the reducing-l furnace. In the iiue F, I place a damper, e, so as to cut off the draught through it-when desired.

Over the reducing-furnace B, I construct a chamber, G, so as not to interfere with the due F, and provideit with the iiuefhaving a damper, p. The ilue F is arranged, so that the iu'effrom the chamber G may enter' it below the damper'e, as shown in iig. 2. From the chamber G, I also extend two other pipes or dues y, and' arrange them so as to enter the blast-pipes I laterally, as shown in figs. 1 and 2. In the chamber G, I place a.' boiler, II, amd provide it with two pipes i h; the latter, 7i', is shown in red lines. These pipes t t are arranged so that the latter will openinto the lowest of the chambers D, and the former into the chamber next'above, as shown in fig. 2. The blast-pipe I entersthe upper part of the furnace A. It is then divided into a number of smaller pipes for heating purposes. These smaller pipes are again united,v and the blast-pipeis divided into two parts Il I', lwhich lead to the tuyeres on eachvside of the reducing-furnace B. From that part ofthe blast-pipe which is'within the furnace A, I extend a pipe, L, to the chamber G, and provide it with a damper, o.

In operating my furnace for the production of cast or pig-iron, I charge the reducing-furnace B with coal and flux through the door a, and place the ore mixed with suitable uxes on the floors of the deoxidizing or desulphurizing-chambers D through the doors E. The boiler H, within the chamber G, I fill with water, so as to produce steam for introduction into the draught through the chambers by means of the pipes 7L h.

By the use of the double or divided chimney which provides for the draught through the chambers D, and also for the draught through the ne F, the operator can equalize the heat, flame, and combustion of the gases as well as the draught through the chimneys. These chimneys may be both used at the same time, or the draught cut o' or regulated by means of dampers. The ore on the iioors of the chambers D, will, by the intensity of the heat produced by the'uilame, and the combustion of the gases, as well as by the rcverberatory character of these chambers, be deoxidized or desulphurized, as may be required, and during the process the ores are moved,

by means of a bar worked through the doors E, from one chamber to the onenext lower, until itvpasses into the reducing-furnace B. In this kprocess I use the damp-blast, and also admit suicient air through the openings a to secure the combustion ofthe gases rising from the furnace, as well as gases generated in the chambers. When desired, the metal can he drawn from the tap z, and it will be found superior inquality to that produced from similar'o'res by any process new in use.

In operating my furnace for the production of steel by a single process, I reduce the size and change the form ofthe furnace B, by inserting tivo blocks, M, as shown in iig. 1, one at each end of the reducing-furnaee- These blocks M aic'shown in dotted lines, and, as clearlyappears, reduce the size and malte the furnace B less ohlong. vIn the chamber G, I place substances of any kind that will produce an abundance of carbon, such as animal charcoal, potash, salt, and similar substances containing carbon,- shut offA the draught'through the llue F, and turn the dempers Zin the'blast-pipes I I, and the damper o in the pipe L, and the damper j) in the pipe f, so that the hlastmay be turned into the chamber Gr, and pass-.out through the pipes g, into the lpipes I I, and to the furnace B, through the tuyeres. By this means I am enabled to thoroughly charge the blast' with carbon, and so have it carried into the reducing-furnac`e. The different dampcrs in the dilerent pipes and ilues will be managed by the operator as his experience in the art will readily suggest. In the manufacture of steel in this Way directly from the ore, I do not use the boiler H. The furnace and the deoxidizing or desulphurizingchambers are charged and managed for the production of steel, in other respects in the saine manner as for producing cast iron. The steel produced by this method is of a very superior quality, and is the result of this single process.

I have found, by long-continued and exhaustive experiments, that a furnace constructed after the abovedescribed plan, with the deexidizing or dcsulphu'rizing-chambers, double chimneys, and air-holes, and with the other parts arranged as I have shown, produces cast iron er steelin greater quantities and of better quality, under the management of those skilled in the art, than `any of the furnaces new in use for a similar purpose, and does itat less cost.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, is-.

1.' The reducing-furnace B, in combination with the chambers D and chimney-flue F, constructed and arranged for operation, substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

` 2. The chamber G, boiler II, and pipes z lz', in combination with the reducing-furnace B and. chamber, D, constructed and arranged for operation, substantially as described, for the manufacture or production of cast iron direct'from the ore.

3. Reducing the size and changing the form of'the reducing-furnace byblocks M, arranging the chamber G for the production of large quantities of carbon, and introducing the carbon` into the blast, and so into the reducing-furnace B, substantially as described, for the purpose of producing steel direct from the ore, as set forth. 4. The process of treating ores, for the purpose ofmaking cast iron or steel, in the manner and by the means substantially as herein described.v

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

JACOB JAMESON. Witnesses H. B. MUNN, P. T. DODGE. 

